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淺談高功率半導體激光熔覆技術的應用

Time:2020-08-20

技術簡介

激光熔覆是一種優秀的表面改性技術。它通過在金屬基材表面添加熔覆材料(復合金屬粉末),利用高能量密度、高均勻性激光束的瞬間加熱,使熔覆材料與金屬基材表面一起熔化,形成液態金屬熔池,并通過熔池自然冷卻凝固,從而在基材表面形成冶金結合的新材料熔覆層。這種新材料熔覆層能夠顯著改善基體材料表面耐磨、耐蝕、耐熱、抗氧化以及電氣特性,從而達到表面改性或修復的目的,滿足材料表面特定性能要求,同時可節約大量材料成本。

相對于傳統的堆焊、熱噴涂、電鍍和氣相沉積等表面改性工藝,激光熔覆具有極低的稀釋率、致密的組織結構、優秀的冶金結合強度、熔覆層粉末可根據需求調配等眾多優良特性,應用前景十分廣闊。

激光熔覆 VS 電鍍

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相較于電鍍,激光熔覆具有以下優勢:

1、性能更優。耐磨、耐腐蝕性可修復性激光均優于電鍍。

2、壽命更長。激光較電鍍壽命長6倍以上。

3、價格接近。激光熔覆目前修復一平米價位在2000-2500元并有逐漸降低的趨勢,電鍍為1500-2000元。

產品介紹

炬光科技DLight系列高功率半導體表面處理系統專門針對金屬表面處理應用優化設計,經過可靠測試的系統由小型化的高功率激光光源,具備完整控制和保護功能的電源控制系統以及雙通路水冷系統構成。

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產品特點

1、更適合激光熔覆的激光能量密度:120-150W/mm2連續可調

2、更高效的均勻激光光斑:2*14mm/2*20mm

3、均勻的激光能量分布:光斑長度方向均勻性可達90%

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4、良好的熔覆粉末利用率:≥90%

5、一流的器件封裝技術,確保光源壽命

6、人性化的人機交互方式和完善的系統運行保護功能

7、 極佳的電光轉化效率和極低的設備運營成本

應用場景

目前,半導體激光熔覆已廣泛應用于鋼鐵、石油、煤炭等重工業行業中大型機械設備零部件的制造和再制造領域,同時也應用于船舶、能源、輕工業等設備和部件的修復及強化領域,成為工業生產中不可或缺的一種重要加工手段。

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技術難點

隨著激光熔覆的廣泛應用,如何提升激光熔覆工藝效果和生產效率就成了關鍵。激光熔覆的工藝參數主要有激光功率、光斑尺寸、能量密度、粉末粒徑、送粉量、熔覆線速度、熔覆步進和搭接等,這些參數對熔覆層的稀釋率、裂紋、空隙、表面粗糙度以及熔覆零件的致密性等有很大影響。

激光功率:激光熔覆使用的激光功率,可以等效視作單位時間的熱輸入量,雖然隨著激光功率的提升,加工效率也將提升,但單位時間過多的熱輸入也會帶來熔覆層的開裂和基體材料的熱形變,由于過多的熱輸入會帶來不良的加工效果,所以目前大家普遍認為激光熔覆的熱輸出上限為10000瓦。

光斑尺寸和能量密度:這兩個因素相互影響并互相制約,在激光總功率不變的情況下,熔覆能量密度會影響熔覆效果,過高的能量密度會帶來更大的熔池和熔深,也就帶來了更高的稀釋率,因此會影響熔覆層的材料特性,如過燒和開裂等;過低的能量密度帶來較淺的熔深,從而帶來熔覆層表面起球、空洞等不良效果。因此,只有選擇合適的光斑尺寸和能量密度,才能保證熔覆工藝的最終效果。

熔覆線速度、熔覆步進和搭接:熔覆線速度和熔覆功率密度相匹配,從而形成穩定的熱輸入,穩定熔覆工藝;熔覆步進和搭接直接影響熔覆層的平整度(粗糙度)和單位時間的加工面積,對熔覆加工效率而言至關重要。

典型應用——激光熔覆煤礦液壓支架

液壓支架是煤礦井下安全作業的必要裝備,操作方便、安全系數高,在機械化采掘系統中占的比例較大。液壓支架立柱是將液壓支架頂梁和底座連接起來的部件,承受頂板的載荷式支架的主要承載部件。在使用過程中立柱外圓表面容易被腐蝕、磨損,直至液壓支架失效。受損立柱如被直接報廢,既不環保,又不經濟,對立柱外圓表面重新修復則是更好的選擇。

目前立柱修復的主要工藝有電鍍和激光熔覆,電鍍工藝修復后的立柱使用壽命短、可修復次數少和環境污染嚴重問題,液壓支架的表面硬化層易脫落,進而產生大面積腐蝕和漏液,這種失效模式會造成極其嚴重的安全隱患。激光熔覆液壓支架的表面強化與再制造可以有效的提高支架的壽命,采用激光作為熱源將合金粉末迅速熔化,在基體表面形成具有優良性能的涂層,從而達到對工件表面進行強化的目的。激光熔覆涂層與基體之間為冶金結合,結合強度高;可以根據使用工況靈活選擇熔覆層的粉末成分。另外熔覆層有一定厚度,可以對受損表面進行修復,使待修復工件達到新件的技術標準。修舊如新、修舊勝新,使得激光熔覆技術成為煤礦安全生產的重要措施之一。

關于炬光科技:

西安炬光科技股份有限公司成立于2007年,是一家全球領先的專業從事高功率半導體激光器、激光微光學元器件、光子技術應用解決方案的研發、生產及銷售的國家級高新技術企業。公司圍繞光子技術及應用領域,致力于為全球客戶提供高功率半導體激光器與激光微光學核心元器件及光子技術應用解決方案,形成了全面、完善的研發、生產及銷售服務體系。

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